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Teachings in PPRE

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Listing of all Labs and Lessons
In the following you will find the lectures and seminars and labs held in PPRE, sorted for winter term, summer term ansd spezialisation.



Biogas Compact Workshop

Form/Character:   Compact Seminar
Duration:   4 Days
Lecturer:   Experts on Biogas technology for developing countries and large scale bio digester technology
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
First day
Domestic Biogas:
Technology and Mass Dissemination Experiences from Asia Lecturers: Jan Lam ,Felix ter Heegde from SNV (Netherlands, Div. South East Asia)
Introduction and technical aspects
  • Introduction to domestic biogas
  • From Waste to energy: bio-chemical process, biogas generation and qualities
  • plant types, design and design choice
  • domestic applications
  • fixed dome construction
Second day
Technical and economical aspects
  • Plant Dimensioning Calculations
  • Economic Aspects of Domestic Biogas: Financial and Economic Return Calculations, Subsidy Calculations and Justification
  • Biogas and Global Warming: Emission Reduction Calculations, Gold Standard Methodology, Value and Marketing of ERs
  • Bio Slurry: Qualities, Application, Results
Third day
Large Scale Dissemination
  • Large Scale Domestic Biogas Dissemination I - Conditions, Programme set-up, SNV Model, Possible Stakeholders and Partners
  • Large Scale Domestic Biogas Dissemination II - M&E (User Survey, GPS Systems), Quality Control Systems, D-Bases, Training Activities, Present R&D Topics
  • Biogas & Commercialisation: Rationale, Framework, Practical Implications
  • Who is Out There! Organisations Working with Biogas, Domestic and Larger (BRTC, SNV, MoNCES, Winrock, Arusha, …), Where to get Funding / TA
  • Recapitulation, Question and Answers, Evaluation
Fourth day:
Large Scale Bio Digester Technology, Methane on-Processing and Financing
  • Technical equipment for anaerobic digesters in Europe/ or Gas reformation
  • Process and Product Quality in wet digestion: Sensoring, Remote and On-Site Monitoring and Control
  • Process Optimization: Reduced Water Demand
  • The Financing of Biogas Plants at Bremer Landesbank under Project Finance Structures
  • Dry Fermentation
  • EU-AGROBIOGAS: An Integrated Approach for Biogas Production with Agricultural Residues
  • From Biogas to Electricity: Modern CHP in Operation

Learning Targets:
In depth and detail information on domestic bio digester and programmes to implement the technology on a national basis for developing countries. Opportunity to discuss out-comings, hurdles and prospects for domestic bio digester with experts on domestic bio digester programmes for 20 years. Insight into large scale bio digester technologies ad financing of such projects. Insight into on processing of bio methane.
Prerequisites:

Type of Examination:   Written exam
Literature:



Biomass Energy I

Form/Character:   Lecture course
Duration:   2 contact hours
Lecturer:   Blum
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
  • Introduction and overview to global consumption for daily energy demand
  • Growth and composition of biomass; Photosynthesis
  • Microbiological decay of biomass --- What are microorganisms?
  • Basic concepts of anaerobic digestion --- Biogas fundamentals
  • Biogas technology (Basics)
  • Alcohol from biomass (fermentation)
  • Energy from biomass combustion
  • Energy from gasification of biomass
  • Biodiesel from fats and oils of plants
  • Biomass energy integration
  • Biomass energy, ecology and sustainability

Learning Targets:
Students are invited to grasp the basic concepts of growth and decay of biomass, biomass abundance and potential, the fundamentals of biomass energy utilisation, conversion and end use. They will be able to evaluate the applicability of a given biomass energy technology for specific project. Students will be instructed, to see risks and dangers of biomass energy utilisation.
Prerequisites:
Basic chemistry, basic thermodynamics, combustion engines basics
Type of Examination:   a) Written exam (mid-term) b) Written assigment (ten pages)
Literature:
Course materials will be available on
http://www.physik-multimedial.de/
http://www.fao.org/


Economics of Energy Systems

Form/Character:   Lecture Course
Duration:   6 Contact hours (including exercises)
Lecturer:   Prof. Dr. Martin Meyer-Renschhausen
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
  • Introduction: Price determination in competitive and monopolistic markets
  • Pricing in Oil markets
  • Pricing in monopolistic and competitive electricity and gas markets
  • Economics of Climate Protection
  • Kyoto Protocol and the Flexible Mechanism
  • Emission trading in practice: The European Emission Trading Scheme

Learning Targets:
  • Understanding of markets as an economic decision making procedure
  • Comprehension of price determination for non-renewable goods (oil, natural gas)
  • Understanding of climate change and climate protection as an economic issue
  • Insights to the working of flexible mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol and its opportunities for developing countries

Prerequisites:
No special economic knowledge and skills necessary

Type of Examination:   Written exam

Literature:
Dahl, Carol D.(2004): International Energy Markets
Stoft, S. (2002): Power Systems Economics

Electric Power Systems

Form/Character:   Lecture course
Duration:   1,5 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Paul Ziethe
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
  • DC current
  • AC current basics
  • Basics of Magnetic circuits
  • Transformers
  • DC machines
  • Induction machines
  • Synchronous machines

Learning Targets:
  • Understanding of electrical basic relations (voltage-current-power, reactive impedance, power factor, power factor compensation)
  • functional principles of electric machines (transformers, rotating e-machines)

Prerequisites:
High-school knowledge of DC and AC current basics
Type of Examination:   Written exam
Literature:
"Electric Machines and Drives - Fundamentals and Calculation Examples for Beginners", Hermann Merz, VDE-Verlag, ISBN 3-8007-2602-5

Electrochemical Energy Storage I

Form/Character:   Lecture
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Dr. Bettina Lenz, Prof. Dr. Carsten Agert
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
The course is supposed to give a basic overview of energy storage technologies as energy efficient and environmentally benign technologies supporting renewable energy implementation. Topics covered are:
  • Electricity storage
    • Primary batteries
    • Secondary batteries
    • Other electrochemical concepts (redox flow battery, supercapacitors, hydrogen/fuelcells)
    • non-electrochemical concepts (flywheels, adiabatic compressed air energy storage, superconducting magnetic energy storage, pumped storage & hydroelectric dams))
  • Heat storage
    • Physical basics of heat storage (sensible and latent heat, chemical heat storage, heat losses)
    • Criteria for design and application of the described heat storages, storage materials
    • Long-term heat storage in low temperature applications, seasonal heat storage
    • Water storage
  • “bridging technologies”
    • Heat pumps and co-generation units

Learning Targets:
The lecture
  • aims at establishing a basic understanding of a wide variety of energy storage technologies without going too much into scientific depth
  • enables the students to assess storage technology options on all scales of energy and power
  • gives the students a good basis to investigate technological details in greaterdepths

Prerequisites:
  • understanding of physics and chemistry (at least one of the two should be 'good')
  • understanding of engineering basics (helpful)
  • basic knowledge of heat and mass transfer principles

Type of Examination:   Written exam

Literature:



Energy Meteorology

Form/Character:   Lecture
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Detlev Heinemann
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
Part I: Solar Radiation
  • sun as radiation source (radiation laws, solar constant, extraterrestrial radiation, ..)
  • solar geometry (solar time, position of the sun)
  • interaction of solar radiation with the atmosphere (absorption and scattering processes, spectral irradiance, clearness index)
  • radiation climatology
  • solar irradiance modeling (direct, diffuse and reflected radiation components, 
diffuse irradiance models for tilted surfaces, diffuse fraction models)
  • statistical properties of solar radiation (rtatistical variables, generation of synthetic
 Radiation Sequences
  • solar radiation measurements (radiation detectors, field instruments, special
 measurements)
  • satellite data for solar resource assessment (methods, applications)
Part II: Wind Flow
  • origin of atmospheric motions (available potential energy, heat balance of the atmosphere
  • physical principles of atmospheric motion (fundamental forces, equation of
 motion, balances of the horizontal wind field)
  • wind climatology (lLocal winds, general circulation of the atmosphere, 
wind resources
  • wind flow in the atmospheric boundary layer (vertical structure of the boundary 
layer, surface layer, Ekman layer)
  • wind ressource assessment (European Wind Atlas (concept, physical models, 
application), resource assessment in complex terrain, mesoscale modeling
  • wind measurements

Learning Targets:
Learning Targets:
Based on fundamental physical considerations, advanced knowledge with respect to all meteorological influences on the performance of solar and wind power systems will be provided. This includes the basis for resource assessment, performance evaluation and optimization. Special knowledge on solar radiation and wind flow in the atmospheric boundary layer will be imparted.
Prerequisites:
Basic physics and mathematics

Type of Examination:   written exam
Literature:
M. Iqbal: An Introduction to Solar Radiation (Academic Press, Toronto, 1983)
J.P. Peixoto, A.H. Oort: Physics of Climate (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1992)
K.-N. Liou: An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation (Acdemic Press, Orlando, 1980)
R.B. Stull: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology (Kluwer Academic, Boston, 1988)
E.L. Petersen, N.G. Mortensen, L. Landberg, J. Hjstrup, H.P. Frank: Wind Power Meteorology. Part I: Climate and Turbulence. Wind Energy, 1, 2-22 (1998)
E.L. Petersen, N.G. Mortensen, L. Landberg, J. Hjstrup, H.P. Frank: Wind Power Meteorology. Part II: Siting
and Models. Wind Energy, 1, 55-72 (1998)

Energy Systems I

Form/Character:   Lecture course
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Dr. Heinemann
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
  • Basics: Energy units, terminology, definitions, forms of energy
  • Energy Resources: definitions, overview of fuels
  • Global Energy Overview: Consumption, energy balances
  • Energy Scenarios: Methodology, results
  • Non-Commercial Use of Energy
  • Techno-Economic Aspects of Energy Use: External Costs, life cycle analysis, ...
  • Environmental Effects of Energy Use: Greenhouse gas emissions, ozone, 
 other pollutants (SO2, Nox, ..), emission control, ..

Learning Targets:
Learning Targets:
  • become acquainted with the terminology and definitions to analyse publications and statistics describing energy resources, reserves, supply and consumption on the globe
  • realize pattern of consumption in dependency of economical and political situation of societies
  • balancing criteria for potential of RE technologies for future energy supply on global scale
  • basics of energy system analysis
  • interaction of energy and environment

Prerequisites:
Willingness and readiness to analyse and summarize information in statistics and graphs. Ability to interlink multifaceted information on an interdisciplinary background
Type of Examination:   Written exam
Literature:
Janet Ramage: Energy: A Guide Book (Oxford University Press, 1997)
Kornelis Blok: Introduction to Energy Analysis (Techne Press, Amsterdam, 2007)
G. Boyle et al. (Eds.): Energy Systems and Sustainability (Oxford University Press, 2003)
UNDP (Ed.): World Energy Assessment: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability
 (http://www.undp.org/energy/weapub2000.htm, 
 http://www.undp.org/energy/weaover2004.htm)
Goldemberg, J. et al.: Energy for a Sustainable World (Wiley Eastern, 1988)
Nakicenovic, N., A. Grübler and A. McDonald (Eds.): Global Energy Perspectives
 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998)
Johansson, T.B. et al. (Eds.): Renewable Energy Sources for Fuels and Electricity 
 (Island Press, Washington D.C., 1995)
Khartchenko, N.V.: Advanced Energy Systems (Taylor & Francis, 1998)
IEA (International Energy Agency): Energy Balances (OECD, Paris, 1999)
BP: Statistical Review of World Energy 2006 (http://www.bp.com/worldenergy)

Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology I

Form/Character:   Lecture
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Robert Steinberger-Wilckens
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
The course is supposed to give a basic overview of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies as storage options and as energy efficient and environmentally benign technologies supporting renewable energy implementation. Topics covered are:
  • world wide energy use and resources
  • role of hydrogen and fuel cells in world energy supply
  • hydrogen production and handling
  • safety issues
  • life cycle analysis and technology assessment
  • introduction to electrochemistry
  • fuel cell types and basic principles
  • fuel cell applications
  • fuel cell systems
  • manufacturing of fuel cells
  • degradation and lifetime issues
  • market introduction of hydrogen and fuel cells, European policies

Learning Targets:
H 2 & FC is not the main topic of the course. Therefore the lecture aims at
  • establishing a basic understanding of technology without going too much into scientific depth
  • enable the students to assess technology options, including H 2 & FC
  • supply the students with a good basis to further investigate technological details, once needed
  • give an overview over options, chances and risks of H 2 & FC technologies

Prerequisites:
  • understanding of physics and chemistry (at least one of the two should be 'good')
  • understanding of engineering basics (helpful)

Type of Examination:   written exam
Literature:
Essential reading FC:
Fuel Cell handbook (DoE): www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/fuelcells/seca/pubs/FCHandbook7.pdf
Larminie/Dicks: Fuel Cells Systems Explained, 2000 (Wiley, 2000, ISBN 0-471-49026-1)
G. Hoogers (Ed.): Fuel Cell Technology Handbook,(CRC Press, Boca Raton/London, 2003, ISBN 0-8493-0877-1)
Essential reading H 2 :
C.-J. Winter/J. Nitsch: Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg/N.Y., 1985, ISBN 0-387-18896-7/3-540-18896-7)
Essential reading energy economy:
IEA: World Energy Outlook (www.iea.com)
Helpful for some contents:
H.B. Callen: Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics (Wiley, New York/Chichester, 2nd edition, 1985, ISBN 0-471-86256-8)

Micro-Hydro Power

Form/Character:   Lecture course
Duration:   12 contact hrs
Lecturer:   Blum
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
- Physics of "falling water" - Principles of water wheels and water turbines - Turbines types and their ranges of application - Elements of hydro-power plants - Resource evaluation and hydrography - Basic economics of hydro-power plants - Comparing micro-hydro to other forms of RE - An introduction to the MHP lab experiment
Learning Targets:
Students are expected to get familiar wirth the basic physical and technical principles of small hydropower. They should learn, how to select the right turbine type for a given situation and to make a rough pre-feasibility check, if an MHP plant will make sense in a given situation. Additionally hands-on experience in the lab and exposure to theoretical principles of flow measurements (Measurement seminar) will deepen and widen their konwledge.
Prerequisites:
Basic principles of fluid flow and electric generators. Some basic statistics.
Type of Examination:   Written exam
Literature:
1) Adam Harvey; Andy Brown, Allen Inversin "Micro-Hydro Design Manual: A Guide to Small-Scale Water Power Schemes", Practical Action, ISBN 1-85339-103-4 2) Peter Fraenkel, "Micro-Hydro Power: A Guide for Development Workers", 3) Allen R. Inversin, "Micro-hydropower Sourcebook: A Practical Guide to Design and Implementation in Developing Countries", ITDG Publishing, ISBN 0-946688-48-6 4) Luis Rodriguez; Teodoro Sanchez, "Designing and Building Mini and Micro Hydro Power Schemes: A Practical Guide", Practical Action, ISBN 1-85339-646-X

Semiconductor Physics and Solar cell materials

Form/Character:   Lecture cours
Duration:   1
Lecturer:   Ohland
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
  • Solid state physics
  • Atom physics and bonding
  • Energy band model
  • p-n-junction
  • Photoelectric effect
  • Solar cells and materials
  • Production processes of solar cells

Learning Targets:
The goal of this lecture is to understand the basics of solid state physics and the behavior of solar cells. Furthermore it will be shown which materials can be used for solar cells and how they will be produced
Prerequisites:
Basic understanding of sold state physic
Type of Examination:   Written exam
Literature:
Charles Kittel: Solid state physics
S. M. Sze: Semiconductor Devices
to be continued...

Solar Photovoltaic I

Form/Character:   Lecture Course
Duration:   1Contact hour per week plus exercises
Lecturer:   Dipl. Ing. (FH), MSc.rer.nat. Hans-Gerhard Holtorf, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Parisi
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
Description of
  • Photovoltaic Generators
  • Inverters (grid connected, stand alone)
  • Battery Charge Controllers
  • Battery Storage
  • Further Components (cabling, generator stand, security relevant components)
  • General Operation of Stand Alone PV Systems (SAS)
  • Grid connected PV Systems (GCS)
  • Photovoltaic Pumping Systems (PVP)
  • Economic Evaluation of PV systems

Learning Targets:
Students learn to describe
  • PV generators
  • Inverters
  • Battery Storage
by physical or mathematical models, their I(V) characteristic, their temperature dependance and their operational characteristics. Students learn to describe Photovoltaic Systems (SAS,GCS, PVP) in their operational and their energy supply characteristic. Students learn the economic parameters of Photovoltaic Systems
Prerequisites:
Students need to have
  • mathematical skills
  • knowledge in meteorology
  • engineering fundamentals (electrotechnics, electronics)

Type of Examination:   written exam
Literature:
Martin A. Green: Solar cells : operating principles, technology and system applications
Andreas Wagner: Photovoltaik Engineering : Handbuch für Planung, Entwicklung und Anwendung
Roger J. van Overstraeten: Physics, technology and use of photovoltaics
Heinrich Häberlin: Photovoltaik : Strom aus Sonnenlicht für Inselanlagen und Verbundnetz

Solar Thermal I (Winter Term)

Form/Character:   Lecture Course
Duration:   2 Contact hours per week plus exercises 1 contact hour per week
Lecturer:   Dipl. Ing. (FH), M.Sc.rer.nat Hans-Gerhard Holtorf / Prof. Dr. Jürgen Parisi
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
Description of
  • solar thermal collectors
  • solar thermal storages
  • further components of solar thermal systems (controllers, pumps, piping, heat insulation, security and anti corrosion components)
  • general system design
  • general operation
  • economic evaluation

Learning Targets:
Students need to be learn to describe Solar Thermal Collectors
  • by the collector equation for different types of collectors
  • their capabilities and their limitations (cut in radiation, dependency on temperature)
  • in their construction and setup
to describe Solar Thermal Storages
  • in their operation (charging, discharging, stand by losses)
  • in their construction and setup
  • their storage capacity
to descibe the further components
  • in their operation
  • in their influence on the energy balance and efficiency of Solar Thermal Systems

Prerequisites:
Students need to
  • have mathematical skills (quadratic and exponential equations)
  • have knowledge in meteorology (meteorological data)
  • have engineering fundamentals (material, hydraulic, heat transfer, optical, radiation sciences)

Type of Examination:   written exam
Literature:
Duffie & Beckman: Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sonnenenergie: Solarthermische Anlagen, Leitfaden für das SHK-, Elektro- und Dachdeckerhandwerk, für Fachplaner und Architekten, Bauherren und Weiterbildungsinstitutionen

Wind Energy I

Form/Character:   Lecture
Duration:   3 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Peinke
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
The aim is to provide the basic knowledge on the wind energy conversion process, in particular the following aspects will be treated:
  • resource wind not in meteorological sense but as input on wind turbine
  • aerodynamical and mechanical aspects of a wind turbine
  • construction principles (design) of wind turbine
  • power performance
  • control system
  • electrical components - net integration

Learning Targets:

Prerequisites:
  • fluid mechanics: different kinds of flow, laminar, turbulent; basic flow equations, viscous (Stokes) and non-viscous (Bernoulli) flow; drag and lift force; boundary layer
  • electro technics: Ohm‘s and Kichhoff‘s laws; electric and magnetic field: induction law; complex resistance
  • mathematics: integration, differentiation; complex numbers: differential equations, differential operators;
    statistics

Type of Examination:   written and or report and or presentation
Literature:
links for material will be given in the classes
books :
Tony Burton, David Sharpe, Nick Jenkins, Ervin Bossanyi: WIND ENERGY HANDBOOK, JOHN WILEY
Twele Gasch: Wind energy


Winter Intro Lab

Form/Character:   Lab + Tutorial
Duration:   16h + 16h
Lecturer:   Geisler, Blum, Kluschewski
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
Session 1
Introduction to simple electronic circuits
Session 2
Internal resistance of power supplies
Session 3
Measurement of time dependent signals
Session 4
Measurement of temperature and radiation

Learning Targets:
The students
  • become familiar with local lab facilities
  • interact with international colleagues in this intercultural context for the first time

  • come to know basics of electronics and measuring methods in RE systems: measuring voltage, current, resistance, simple circuitries; learn about the quality of signals from different sensors and the appropriate way of measuring the signals for temperature, radiation, etc.
  • get haptical experience: do by oneself laboratory experiments, handle multimeter, x-t recorder, oscilloscope, temperature and radiation sensors (RE relevant)
  • establish basic procedures for experimental labortory work and its documentation

    • Prerequisites:
    Knowledge of basic electronic laws like Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Rules.

    Type of Examination:   Practical Exam

    Literature:
    Mahmood Nahvi, Joseph Edminister, 2003:Electric Circuits; Schaum's outline.

Winter Lab

Form/Character:   Lab
Duration:   6 Contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Kulschewski et al
Term:   Winterterm
Content:
  • fundamentals of RE conversion systems / energy transfer: radiation laws, heat exchange, chemical conversion; generator -- load interaction resp. matching (with the help of characteristic curves)
  • all major RE converters (PV, wind, hydro, solar thermal) as well as 2 storage systems (lead-acid batteries, electrolyser - fuel cells)
  • classical measurement procedures and typical devices
  • evaluation of standard performance parameters
  • documentation and communication of experimental work (lab report)

Learning Targets:
  • to experience the key aspects of the main RE systems and their physical principles in a haptical/experimental way
  • to take onself measurements on the various RE conversion and storage systems
  • to follow energy conversion processes through several steps (e.g. aero dynamical - mechanical - electrical)
  • to perform oneself investigations on RE systems and thereby experience problems in procuring measurements and judge reliability of performance data
  • to get an idea of potential and order of magnitude of the various RE processes
  • to present experimental investigations in an understandable and scientifically correct fashion
  • Come to know classical experimental and evaluation strategies: isotropy of space, experimental compensation of off-sets, determination of coefficients by transfer to linear relationships, numerical integration, regression

Prerequisites:
Major prerequisite is the 'Winter Introductory Lab', where laboratory facilities are made familiar and where the most common measurement devices are extensively handled.
To a large extend the experiments rely on the material presented in the lectures of the PPRE(EuREC) course. For some the background has to be prepared independently by the students from literature (standard textbooks).
For each experiment exists a manual summing up the general theory and suggesting main aspects for the experimental investigation (own ideas of the students are highly welcome). A thorough study of this manual as well as a sound understanding of the theoretical background is essential for each experiment and will be checked in an interview each (a 'passed' is needed for admission to the laboratory).
Generally it is expected to be familiar with the concepts and the terminology of probability, of 'standard error of the mean' and alike, linear regression, correlation, and to be able to do the corresponding mathematical manipulations in a spreadsheet program like EXCEL, Origin, or MatLab.
The candidates should have acquired skills in report writing during his/her undergraduate studies, know about standard format of technical data plots and scientific presentation of results and arguments.

Type of Examination:   For each experiment the performance of the candidate from interview through final report is given a mark (out of 100), which will be accounted for in the respective module.

Literature:
General books on experimental laboratory work and report writing; recommended from Oldenburg university library:
Kirkup, Les: Experimental methods -- an introduction to the analysis and presentation of data; Brisbane [u.a.], Wiley; 1994; 216 p.
Taylor, John Robert: An introduction to error analysis -- the study of uncertainties in physical measurements; Univ. Science Books; Sausalito, Calififornia; 2. ed., 1997; 299 p.

Information from the web (not that comprehensive):
Andrew Zimmerman Jones:


Biomass Energy II

Form/Character:   Lecture course
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Blum
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
Based on the contents of "Biomass Energy I", students are introduced top the potential, the sustainability and the economics of biomass energy conversion technologies and pathways. There are links to the "Sustainability seminar", to "Energy systems II" and "Case study project". The selection of detailed projects and technologies to be reviewed is done each year according to new developments (in the field of Biomass energy things changed quickly over the last five years...)and specialisation wishes/needs of students. One permanent topic is the competition of land use for food, energy and chemical products.
Learning Targets:
Students should understand the complexity of biomass based energy supply systems, their interaction with social, economic and technological developments. They should be aware of the interdependence of the different pathways of the use of biomass for food, energy, chemicals, fabrics etc. under conditions of limited available agricultural area, population growth and climatic change.
Prerequisites:
Basic chemistry and thermodynamics and the will to learn and study new things.
Some basic economics
Type of Examination:   Written exam
Literature:
Isabel Thomas: "The Pros and Cons of Biomass Power (The Energy Debate)", Rosen Central, ISBN 1-40423-742-9
Donald L. Klass: "Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals", Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-410950-0
Neil Morris: "Biomass Power (Energy Sources)", Franklin Watts Ltd, ISBN 0-7496-7765-1

Energy Systems II

Form/Character:   Lecture course
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Dr. Heinemann
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
  • Power Plant Technologies: Thermodynamic cycles, efficiency, technologies, ..
  • Conventional Technologies: Steam power plants, gas turbines, nuclear power
  • Advanced Technologies: Combined cycle, co-generation, fuel cells,
 magneto-hydrodynamic power generation, stirling machine, heat pumps,..
  • Power Distribution: Utility grids, distributed generation, integration of RET, ..
  • Advanced Storage Systems: Hydrogen storage systems, flywheels, latent 
 heat storage, ..
  • Solar Thermal Power Plants: parabolic trough, central receiver, solar pond,
 upwind
  • Geothermal and Ocean Energy

Learning Targets:
  • State of the art and advanced technologies on energy conversion processes in conventional energy as well in RE technologies and their potential of future development of efficiency
  • Electric energy distribution: current status, grid integration of new sources (renewables, CHP, micro plants, ...)will be in dependency of fluctuating energy provision of RE sources, - storage systems play a dominant role in intelligent control
  • energy storage for grid connected and off-grid supply systems Students should gain and apply criteria to judge energy conversion systems, like cycle efficiency, exergy balance, life cycle assessment
Students should gain and apply criteria to judge energy conversion systems, like cycle efficiency, exergy balance, life cycle assessment.
Prerequisites:
Basic Thermodynamics:
Type of Examination:   Written exam

Literature:
Potter et al.: Thermodynamics for engineers, Schaum's outlines, 2006, ISBN: 0-07-146306-2
Khartchenko, N.V.: Advanced Energy Systems (Taylor & Francis, 1998)
Literature on Exergy Analysis

Final Excursion

Form/Character:   Excursion
Duration:   2 weeks
Lecturer:   Dipl. Ing. (FH), M.Sc.rer.nat Hans-Gerhard Holtorf
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
Students visit in the range of 10 renewable energy related sites in Germany such as
  • manufacturers of RE generators (PV modules, Wind Energy Converters, Solar Collectors, Hydropower Turbines, ...)
  • manufacturers of electronic components (controllers, inverters,...)
  • manufacturers of further components (batteries, cables, ...)
  • RE power stations (PV Power Plants, Wind Farms, Hydropower Stations, Biomass Plants, Geothermal Power Plants)
  • RE related projects (RE supplied mountain hut, RE supplied village, ...)
  • RE related institutions (conferences, exhibitions, ...)
The actual programme for each year will be announced in the class.
Learning Targets:
Students should
  • learn about the wide range of RE technologies
  • learn about the implications of RE
  • share experience of RE projects
  • make contacts to RE related companies and institutions
  • build a very strong network within their batch

Prerequisites:
Prerequisites are the contents of the lectures and seminars during PPRE

Personal preparation:
CV on a USB stick and a business card are regarded as a tool to get in contact with companies during the excursion for Master Thesis work or job vacancies.
Equipment:
As announced in class. For the visit of the mountain hut in the Alps (2000m altitude) students should be equipped with a back pack for 3 days, rain cloths and mountain boots, sun glasses and gloves.
Costs:
500,-€ (maximum) for travelling, over night stays and entrance fee to the fair intersolar
Target group:
PPRE students and limited number of EUREC students and/or alumni
Type of Examination:   Reports on different sites visited
Literature:
-


Project work

Form/Character:   Seminar
Duration:   4 Contact Hours
Lecturer:   Dipl. Ing. (FH), M.Sc.rer.nat. Hans-Gerhard Holtorf, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Parisi
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
Students play the role of a consultant and plan the autonomous energy supply system for supplying a given energy service demand (e.g. a stand alone mountain hut). This encorporates
  • Acquisition of all necessary data (meteorological data, electrical and thermal energy demand, site specific data
  • System layout based on the named data
  • Economical investigation of the proposed solution found

Learning Targets:
Main target is implementing learned skills
  • Which data are necessary for the development of an energy supply system and which sources are available for the data
  • How to size an energy supply system
  • Gain competence in estimating energy demand for services as there is mechanical energy demand, heating, cooling, and lighting energy demand (e.g. schools, workshops, and others)
  • Useage of sensitivity analysis
  • Economic analysis of RE systems
  • Socio-economic and cultural aspects of energy supply systems
Students practice and learn project management and team work
Prerequisites:
Content of the PPRE contents of winter term and summer term.
Job experienced coaches will hold extra seminars parallel to the Case Study to help students in different tasks.
Simulation seminars introducing simulation software are prerequisite for the case study.

Type of Examination:   Presentation of intermediate results and Final Presentation of the Case Study, Case Study Final Report
Literature:
Diverse literature on RE projects

Simulation Seminar

Form/Character:   Hands-on Seminar
Duration:   3 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Hölling/Peinke & Blum
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
  • Introduction to numeric models
  • Working with the freeware

Learning Targets:
Students should get familiar with the basic concepts of numerical analysis.
Numerical analysis and the need of statistical methods are an increasing challenge in master thesis work. Students should be able to apply a software like the R Project for Statistical Computing.
Prerequisites:

Type of Examination:   Included to other exams
Literature:
http://www.r-project.org/

Solar Photovoltaic II

Form/Character:   Lecture Course
Duration:   1 Contact Hours, Exercises 1/2 contact hour
Lecturer:   Dipl. Ing. (FH), M.Sc.rer.nat. Hans-Gerhard Holtorf, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Parisi
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
Detailed Description of
  • Photovoltaic Stand Alone System (SAS)
  • Photovoltaic Grid Connected System (GCS)
  • Photovoltaic Pumping System (PVP)
in their operation, performance, maintenance, economic evaluation
Learning Targets:
Students learn to describe
  • Photovoltaic Stand Alone System (SAS)
  • Photovoltaic Grid Connected System (GCS)
  • Photovoltaic Pumping System (PVP)
in their operation, performance, maintenance, economic evaluation Students learn to design PV systems
Prerequisites:
Contents of Solar Photovoltaic I lecture Economic Evaluation of Energy Systems
Type of Examination:   written exam
Literature:
Martin A. Green: Solar cells : operating principles, technology and system applications
Wagner, Andreas: Photovoltaik Engineering : Handbuch für Planung, Entwicklung und Anwendung / Andreas Wagner. - 2., bearb. Aufl. - Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2006. - XV, 337
Stuart R. Wenham: Applied photovoltaics

Solar Thermal II

Form/Character:   Lecture Course,
Duration:   1 Contact Hour, Excercises 1/2 Contact Hour
Lecturer:   Dipl.Ing. (FH), M.Sc.rer.nat. Hans-Gerhard Holtorf, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Parisi
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
Detailed Description of Solar Thermal Systems
Learning Targets:
Operation of Solar Thermal Systems
  • Energy Balance
  • Auxiliary Energy
  • Failure Processes
  • Economic Analysis of Solar Thermal Systems
  • System Design and Layout

Prerequisites:
  • Contents of Solar Thermal I lecture
  • Economic Evaluation of Energy Systems

Type of Examination:   Written Exam
Literature:
Duffie & Beckmann: Solar Energineering of Thermal Processes Peuser, Felix A.: Solar thermal systems : successful planning and construction Einheitssacht: Langzeiterfahrung Solarthermie International Organization for Standardization: Test methods for solar collectors IEA International Energy Agency Solar: Solar heating systems for houses : a design handbook for solar combisystems ; [Task 26 "Solar combisystems"]

Summer Intro Lab & Data Logger Seminar

Form/Character:   Lab
Duration:   2 * 8 h
Lecturer:   Kulschewski, Brudler, Behrendt
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
Warm up period after the external training to get back to experimental work.

Several experiments are carried out on statistical and systematical errors, new sensors for the summer term (anemometer, hygrometer, electrical pressure sensor) and their working principles are introduced, and experimental faults as well as problems in system set-ups are analysed.
Students are expected to ponder again on the reliability of data, of measurement errors and effects of experimental procedure. Some experiments feature energy conversion processes and their energy balances.

Data loggers are employed intensively at remote meteorological stations or for monitoring of isolated energy systems. These tasks are replicated in the following summer lab course. Therefore, basics of electronic data acquisition systems (AD converter, sampling rate, integration time, storage interval), programming of data loggers, and data retrieval will be taught in this Seminar.
Emphasis is put on basic principles common to all data loggers. Prospects of large amounts of numbers for storage and processing are discussed and taken as motivation to devise a smart strategy for acquisition and reduction of data, specific to the particular measurements task.


Learning Targets:
  • recall statistical and systematical errors and how to handle them
  • ability to analyse a system configuration and to track down problems in a set-up
  • improve versatility and accurateness in handling measurement equipment
  • understanding of the working principles of the new meteorological sensors, knowing how to handle them, and using them, especially in connection with a datalogger,
  • understanding the internal processes of a data logger and the main parameters of influence for developing suitable measurement strategies,
  • programme various brands of data loggers and retrieve data from their internal memory,
  • got an idea of signal adaptaion (voltage divider, current to voltage converter, frequency divider)

Prerequisites:
It is expected that participants bring from the previous winter term:
  • familiarity with meteorological parameters and their relevance for the various RE generators (Energy Meteorology lecture, Winter Lab Course)
  • basic understanding of energy conversion processes, to follow now loss mechanisms (Energy Systems lecture)
  • easy in handling multimeters, oscilloscopes, and x-t recorders, on AC and DC signals, usage of simple sensors (Pt-100, pyranometer, solarimeter), calibration procedures, ... to such an extent that this knowledge can used for more intricate problems and that it can be transferred to data logger measurement systems (Winter Lab),
  • handling their computers and its ports souverainly so that new software for data logger communication can be installed (general knowledge)

    • Type of Examination:   Practical Exam

    Literature:



Summer Lab

Form/Character:   Lab
Duration:   8h
Lecturer:   Kulschewski et al
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
Students work independently on (off-grid) RE systems (generator/storage/consumer interaction) under fluctuating energy input of out-door conditions as there are
  • Wind Energy Converter
  • Meteo Station
  • Biodigester
  • Solar Home System
  • Thermosiphon System
  • Improved Cook Stoves (ICS) and Solar Cookers
  • Fuel Cell System
The systems will be monitored by data loggers to collect data for performance analysis and site assessment.

Learning Targets:
  • handle typical meteorological sensors and a complete meteorological station for determination of energy influx
  • gain insight into potential of different RE systems with respect to climatic conditions, their options and their limitations
  • learn about the interaction of systems components: source, storage and load
  • gain deeper understanding for the interdependency of systems efficiency , performance ratio, solar fraction, energy flux, etc.
  • handle and evaluate large amount of data
  • present results of investigations to the critical audience of their colleagues

Prerequisites:

Type of Examination:   Lab reports and 1 oral presentation
Literature:
John Twidell & Tony Weir, 2006: Renewable Energy Resources; Taylor& Francis, London. Sig: ing 884 BH 3641,2,2007
Sørensen, Bent, 2003:Renewable energy. Its physics, engineering, use, environmental impacts, economy and planning aspects; 2. ed., Acad. Press, Amsterdam. Sig: ing 881.7 DZ 9127
Mukund Patel, 1999: Wind and Solar Power Systms, CRC Press, London. Sig: phy 085 CH 4735 a

Wind Energy II: Applications

Form/Character:   Lecture
Duration:   3 hours
Lecturer:   Dr. Hans-Peter (Igor) Waldl
Term:   Summerterm
Content:
  • Practical wind potential assessment
  • Wind farms
  • Environment
  • Offshore wind energy use
  • Wind farm operation
  • Tutorial Wind Potential Assessment: European Windatlas Method

Learning Targets:
Wind resource estimation
  • Weibull distribution, A and k
  • How to measure wind speed for resource estimations?
  • What are the basic ideas of the WAsP method?
  • What are the partial models of WAsP?
  • What does "MCP" mean?
  • In which situations to you find non-neutral (stable or instable) atmospheric conditions?
  • How do you get the estimated energy yield from distribution and power curve?
  • What is the difference between mean annual wind speed and wind power density?
  • Wind potential: to calculate the annual energy yield of a single turbine, what do you have to know?
Wake effects and wind farms
  • What is the wake of a wind turbine
  • By which effect is the wind speed in the wake recovering
  • What are the basic ideas of the Risø model (no formulas!)
  • What are typical spacings of turbines and farm efficiencies for a wind farm
  • Pros and cons of building wind turbines in a farm
Wind farm operation
  • On which influences depends the power production of a wind turbine
  • Describe the "magic triangle" of wind farm operation
  • Describe the optimisation of profit and expenses to increase the energy production
Offshore wind farms
What are pros and cons for building offshore wind farms?
Describe different types of offshore turbine foundations

Prerequisites:
Energymeteorology
  • Origin of wind flow
  • Log wind speed profile
  • Weibull distribution
Hydro dynamics
  • Bernoulli Equation
  • Navier-Stokes (idea)
  • Reynolds (idea)
  • Turbulence and mixing
Wind energy
  • Rotor thrust
  • Turbine components
  • Turbine control
  • Power curve

Type of Examination:   Written exam

Literature:
www.windpower.dk


Photovoltaics

Form/Character:   Lecture course
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Dr. Ingo Riedel, Dipl.-Ing. Maria Hammer
Term:   Specialisation
Content:
Physics of solar radiation, brief revision of relevant semiconductor physics, solar cell materials, solar cells principles and operation, loss mechanisms, operation under ambient conditions, technology survey, modules, residental systems.
Learning Targets:
Understanding
  • basic physical understanding of PV devices
  • energy scales, radiation physics
  • semicnductor properties relevant for PV
  • losses in PV cells
  • temperature and insolation coefficients of PV cells
  • characterization
  • module technology

Prerequisites:
  • electrical engineering
  • semiconductor or solid state physics
  • interest in energy problems

Type of Examination:   Written
Literature:
Würfel, Peter, Würfel, Uli
Physics of solar cells : from basic principles to advanced concepts, ISBN: 978-3-527-40857-3, (Pb.), Wiley-VCH, 2009

Luque, Antonio, Hegedus, Stephan S.
Handbook of photovoltaic science and engineering, ISBN: 0-471-49196-9, Wiley, 2003

Goetzberger, Adolf, Voß, Bernhard, Knobloch, Joachim
Sonnenenergie: Photovoltaik : Physik und Technologie der Solarzelle, ISBN: 3-519-13214-1, Teubner, 1997

Nelson, Jenny
The physics of solar cells, ISBN: 1-86094-349-7 (pbk), Imperial College Press, 2007

Bube, Richard Photovoltaic materials, ISBN: 1-86094-065-X - 978-1-86094-065-1, Imperial College Press, 1998

Specialisation: Advanced Wind Energy Technology

Form/Character:   Seminar
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Prof. Peinke, Prof. Kühn
Term:   Specialisation
Content:
This lecture will be given together with Prof. M. Kühn who has become Professor for wind energy recently at our university. He has been Professor up to now at the University of Stuttgart in the engineering department.
In this specialisation the following topics should be studied in more details:
  • wind energy system and its modelling
  • power performance
  • control system of a wind turbine
  • wind park effects
  • grid connection

Learning Targets:
We offer the possibility to present seminar talks, the participants should get a deeper understanding of the wind energy conversion and get familiar by details of the maschinery. Some sessions on simulations of a wind turbine can be offered too, if there is an interest.
Prerequisites:

Type of Examination:   Examination by seminar presentation and hand out, or by oral exam
Literature:
will be provided


Specialisation: Energy Storage Technologies

Form/Character:   Lecture / Tutorial
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Prof. Dr. Carsten Agert, Dr. Olaf Conrad, Dr. Bettina Lenz
Term:   Specialisation
Content:
The lecture/tutorial builds on the winter term energy storage introduction. It will provide a deeper understanding of the scientific and engineering principles of storage technologies. The following subjects will be addressed:
  1. General electrochemical principles of storage technologies/batteries
  2. Li-ion technology and its potential successors
  3. Fuel cell technology
  4. Redox flow batteries
  5. Heat storage

Learning Targets:
The lecture/tutorial provides the basic physical, electrochemical and engineering knowledge for an engagement in the R&D sector of related technologies. As most of the content will be treated in the form of a tutorial, every participant (most likely in small groups) will be responsible for a 90 minute presentation on the fundamentals and state-of-the-art of a certain technology. In this context, students will also practise to identify and process relevant scientific literature.
Prerequisites:
Successful exam in Energy Storage Technologies I, OR 3rd year of B.Sc. or M.Sc. studies in physical or chemical sciences
Type of Examination:   Presentation
Literature:
Bockris/Reddy: Modern Electrochemistry, 1998 (Plenum Press, New York/London, 1998, ISBN 0-306-45554-4)
Bard/Faulkner: Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd Ed., 2001 (Wiley, New York, 2001, ISBN 0-471-04372-9)
Nazri/Pistoia: Lithium Batteries (ISBN 978-0-387-92674-2)
Larminie/Dicks: Fuel Cell Systems Exlained (ISBN 0-470-84857-X)

Specialisation: Rural Energy Supply in Developing Countries

Form/Character:   Seminar
Duration:   2 contact hours/week
Lecturer:   Yi Zheng, Hans Holtorf, Andreas Günther, Michael Golba,
Term:   Specialisation
Content:
Quality and form of Rural Energy Supply acts and interacts on society, economy, ecology, technology. To name a few: Migration, education, health care, income generation, deforestation, electrification,, living standard are relatively dependant on Energy Supply. The seminar will
  • show the demand of energy services in rural areas (heating, cooking, lighting, communication, entertainment)
  • demonstrate conventional and renewable possibilities of the supply of energy (low temperature heat, process heat, electricity)
  • point out energy saving potentials
  • display financing models for modern energy supply systems
  • introduce in to the topic of Gender and Energy
  • introduce to the topic of sustainable rural development
  • touch project management issues
  • touch Migration and Energy

Learning Targets:
Students are sensitised to different aspects of rural energy supply. They can name, qualify and quantify
  • energy services
  • energy demand
  • energy supply systems
for rural areas. They are familiar with economical, ecological and societal impacts, interaction and dependencies of energy supply.
Prerequisites:
Students have successfully participated in Winter Term of PPRE or a comparable academic study (fundamentals of RE Technology and Economics)
Type of Examination:   Oral Presentation based on a timely limited preparation in an exam room
Literature:
Project Reports of UNDP, World Bank, NGOs

Specialisation: Solar Energy Meteorology

Form/Character:   Lecture
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Dr. Detlev Heinemann
Term:   Specialisation
Content:
  • Physics of atmospheric radiative processes
  • Physical modeling of atmospheric radiative transfer (incl. practical exercises)
  • State-of-the-art modeling of solar irradiance for solar energy applications
  • Solar spectral irradiance: Theory & relevance for solar energy systems
  • Satellite-based estimation of solar irradiance
  • Solar irradiance (& PV power) forecasting
  • Solar radiation measurements: Basics & Setup of high-quality measurement system

Learning Targets:
  • Providing a solid understanding of physical processes governing the surface solar irradiance available for solar energy applications
  • Developing skills in solar radiation modeling, i.e., expertise in application, adaptation and development of models
  • Solid knowledge in state-of-the-art-methods in satellite-based irradiance estimation and solar power forecasting
  • Detailed understanding of the influence of meteorolgical/climatological aspects on the performance of solar energy systems

Prerequisites:
Basic physics courses or basic PPRE lecture Energy Meteorology
Type of Examination:   Oral or written exam
Literature:
M. Iqbal: An Introduction to Solar Radiation (Academic Press, Toronto, 1983)
K.-N. Liou: An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation (Academic Press, Orlando, 1980)
Thomas, G. E. and K. Stamnes: Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere and Ocean, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
A. Marshak, A. Davis (Eds.): 3D Radiative Transfer in Cloudy Atmospheres (Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2005)
J.A. Duffie, W.A.Beckman: Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 2nd Ed. (Wiley& Sons, 1991)

Specialisation: Sustainable Energy and Society

Form/Character:   Seminar
Duration:   2 contact hours per week
Lecturer:   Prof. Siebenhüner/Michael Golba
Term:   Specialisation
Content:
The course introduces to the connections between energy systems and society. We will discuss the social embeddedness of technologies at the local, regional and global level as well as in cultural, regulatory and normative directions. The particular focus will lie on the combined understanding of social and technological developments. The course forms a contribution to the module “Selected Topics in Sustainability Economics and Management”. It is also eligible for students in the Postgraduate Programme on Renewable Energy (PPRE) and students in the diploma programme “Wirtschaftswissenschaften mit ökologischem Schwerpunkt”.
Learning Targets:

Prerequisites:
Necessary knowledge and skills in order to be able to successfully participate and complete the course.
Type of Examination:  
Literature:



    Last Changed 2010-03-26
panusch(at)uni-oldenburg(dot)de